Before Nash: How Kautilya’s Arthashastra Anticipated the Logic of Game Theory
That is why the modern comparison between Kautilya and Nash is so fascinating. John Nash’s contribution to game theory was mathematical and formal. A Nash equilibrium describes a situation where no player can improve their outcome by changing strategy alone, assuming the other players keep their strategies unchanged. Stanford’s philosophy entry explains Nash equilibrium as a set of strategies where each player has no incentive to change given what the others are doing.