Weapons, Astras and Warrior-Systems in the Mahabharata: An Ancient Indian Defence Study
The ordinary weapons of the epic represent different combat functions. The bow gave reach, precision and speed. The mace gave crushing power in close combat. The sword served as a secondary weapon when distance collapsed. The spear or lance gave thrusting and anti-cavalry value. The chariot served as a mobile fighting platform. The elephant acted as a shock platform, while cavalry enabled movement, pursuit and screening. Together, these weapons formed the ancient equivalent of combined arms.