Research

The discovery is based on fossil otoliths, tiny calcium-carbonate ear structures that help fish with hearing and balance. According to the study, the Mohand assemblage includes otoliths from snakeheads, gobies, and gouramis, giving scientists a rare window into a freshwater ecosystem that existed in the Himalayan foreland during the Pliocene. Researchers say the combination of these fish points to a structured aquatic food web, with smaller fish serving as prey and snakeheads acting as predators.

The research was carried out by Sahil Gopalkrishna Naik and Manik Banik of the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, working with Mani Zartab of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Nicolas Gisin of the University of Geneva. According to the Press Information Bureau, the team examined whether quantum processes can be faithfully reproduced using only classical resources, a question tied closely to the idea of “quantum advantage.”

For decades, scientists believed that a protein known as the sigma factor binds to RNA polymerase to initiate bacterial transcription and then detaches once RNA synthesis moves into the elongation phase. This “sigma-cycle” had widely been considered a standard feature of bacterial gene regulation, including in TB bacteria. But the new study shows that the process is more complex and far less uniform than previously understood.

They are meant to ensure that biological resources used in research, innovation, and commercial applications are accessed lawfully and that the benefits arising from such use are shared fairly with the provider country. The certificates therefore sit at the heart of the global access-and-benefit-sharing framework, which seeks to balance scientific and commercial use of biodiversity with equity and sovereign rights over biological resources.

According to the official release, the researchers recovered graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries and chemically exfoliated it to increase its surface area and the number of reactive edge functional groups.

They are powered by compact objects such as black holes or neutron stars that pull in matter from a companion star. As this material spirals inward, it forms an accretion disk and releases enormous amounts of energy. What makes ULXs especially intriguing is that they can shine far beyond the so-called Eddington limit, the theoretical brightness cap for a celestial object of a given mass.

Solar flares and coronal mass ejections can generate shock waves in the Sun’s corona, producing a specific type of radio emission known as Type II solar radio bursts. These bursts, often described as slow-drifting, typically travel at around 1,000 km per second and are detected in the radio wave spectrum. As the shock moves outward from the Sun, the bursts gradually drift from higher to lower radio frequencies.

The research was carried out by a team from the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), in collaboration with CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru. The team evaluated the materials for performance in two critical clean energy areas: energy storage and hydrogen generation.