Heritage

News, articles and Essays on Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism and Indian way of life.

Yavana in the Mahabharata: Greek Connections, Pandava Campaigns and the Warriors of Kurukshetra

The Sanskrit name Yavana and the related form Yona belong to a wider family of eastern names for the Greeks. The Old Persian designation Yauna is associated with the Ionians, whose name came to represent Greeks more broadly. This linguistic relationship explains why historians commonly identify Yavanas in early historical Indian contexts with Greek peoples. It does not mean that every community bearing the name came directly from Ionia.

Pahlava: The Parthian World Beyond India’s Northwestern Frontiers in the Mahabharata

The Sabha Parva places the Pahlavas within the account of Nakula’s western campaign before Yudhishthira’s Rajasuya sacrifice. In Kisari Mohan Ganguli’s translation, the name appears as “Palhavas.” The narrative includes them among the peoples Nakula subdues, alongside Kiratas, Yavanas and Sakas. Their inclusion gives them a direct place in the epic’s account of the Pandavas’ expanding political influence.

ASI’s Kashipur Archaeological Site Reveals Ancient Govisana, Gupta-Era Temples and Mahabharata Traditions

Kashipur occupies an important place in the archaeological history of Uttarakhand. The Archaeological Survey of India records that Alexander Cunningham, the first Director-General of the ASI, identified Kashipur with Kiu-pi-shwang-na, a settlement mentioned in the accounts of the Chinese Buddhist traveller Xuanzang. The name was subsequently rendered in Sanskrit as Govisana.

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